Russia Oil

GOST 51858-2002: Essential Guidelines for Oil Sampling

Introduction: Embark on an insightful exploration of GOST 51858-2002, uncovering its crucial role in shaping oil sampling. Discover the profound significance, detailed guidelines, and extensive industry impact for a comprehensive understanding of its vital role in ensuring accuracy and quality.

1. Overview of GOST 51858-2002:

To start our journey, let’s carefully examine the fundamental elements. Consequently, this section offers an in-depth exploration, unraveling the foundational principles, methodologies, and criteria. This ensures consistency and reliability in the intricate process of oil sampling.

2. Practical Application of Sampling Procedures:

Transition into the practical realm of GOST 51858-2002. Here, explore specific procedures with a keen focus on extraction methods to sample handling. Meticulous guidelines are crafted to minimize errors and ensure the procurement of representative samples, essential for achieving precise analytical results.

3. Quality Assurance and Industry Compliance:

Navigate through the robust quality assurance aspects intricately embedded in GOST 51858-2002. By adhering to these stringent guidelines, professionals ensure not only individual excellence but also industry-wide compliance. Consequently, this fosters trust and transparency in the critical processes of sampling and testing for crude oil and petroleum products.

4. Industry Impact and Real-world Applications:

Delve into real-world applications within the industry. Through insightful case studies, vividly illustrate how this standardized framework significantly influences sampling practices, thereby improving data reliability. This contribution extends to the overall integrity of the intricate crude oil and petroleum product supply chain.

5. The Dynamic Nature of Standards:

Transition seamlessly into contemplating the dynamic nature of energy sector standards. This section thoroughly examines how GOST 51858-2002 flexibly adapts to technological advancements. Moreover, it explores potential future implications with foresight, ensuring sustained relevance and effectiveness in an ever-evolving landscape.

6. Conclusion: In summary, GOST 51858-2002 stands as a cornerstone in the realm of oil sampling. By unwaveringly adhering to its comprehensive guidelines, industry professionals champion accuracy, reliability, and quality assurance. Consequently, this commitment resonates significantly, ultimately contributing to the unwavering integrity of the global energy market.

For more detailed information , you can also visit the here.欲了解更多详细信息，您还可以访问这里。

ESPO Crude Oil: Reshaping Global Energy

Introduction: Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) Crude Oil significantly impacts the world’s energy sector. Originating in Eastern Siberia, it reaches the Asia-Pacific through the ESPO pipeline. This article delves into its source, quality, strategic importance, and its influence on global energy dynamics.

ESPO Crude Oil’s Origin and Quality:

ESPO Crude Oil, originating from Siberia’s rich fields, covers a 4,700-kilometer journey to the Kozmino port. Its lightness and low sulfur content make it a preferred choice for eco-friendly energy practices. This aligns it with global trends toward cleaner energy sources.

Strategic Importance:

Additionally, the ESPO pipeline serves as a key artery for Russia, linking it to Asia-Pacific’s thriving markets. Consequently, it diversifies Russia’s oil exports and bolsters its global energy influence. Each year, the pipeline impressively transports about 80 million tonnes of oil, catering to the robust demands of the Asia-Pacific.

Impact on Asia-Pacific Markets:

Furthermore, countries like China, Japan, and South Korea rely heavily on ESPO Crude Oil. It provides them with a consistent, high-quality energy supply. Additionally, it reduces transportation costs and times. Its environmental compliance also enhances its appeal in these markets.

Environmental and Sustainability Considerations:

Moreover, producing and transporting ESPO Crude Oil involves significant environmental responsibilities. Thus, adopting sustainable methods is crucial for reducing ecological impacts and ensuring its role as a sustainable energy choice.

Challenges and Opportunities:

Looking forward, the trend towards cleaner fuels places ESPO Crude Oil in a favorable position. However, it faces several environmental and geopolitical challenges. Addressing these challenges effectively is vital for its continued relevance in the energy market.

Conclusion: In conclusion, ESPO Crude Oil is not just an energy resource but a key player in the global energy narrative. It reflects Russia’s strategic energy ambitions and aligns with the shifting global energy demands. Therefore, staying informed about ESPO Crude Oil’s developments is essential for industry professionals and policymakers.

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Virgin Oil D6

D6 is a type of residual fuel, mainly used in power plants and larger ships. The fuel requires to be preheated before it can be used. It is not possible to use it in smaller engines or vessels/vehicles where it is not possible to pre-heat it. D6 is its name in the USA. In other parts of the world it has other names.

Residual means the material remaining after the more valuable cuts of crude oil have boiled off. The residue may contain various undesirable impurities including 2 percent water and one-half percent mineral soil. D6 fuel is also known as residual fuel oil (RFO), by the Navy specification of Bunker C, or by the Pacific Specification of PS-400.

Recent changes in fuel quality regulation now require further refining of the D6 in order to remove the sulfur, which leads to a higher cost. Despite this recent change, D6 is still less useful because of its viscosity as well as that it needs to be pre-heated before it can be used and contains high amounts of pollutants, such as sulfur. Since it requires pre-heating, it cannot be used in small ships or boats or cars. However large ships and power plants can use the residual fuel oil.

Explore the Global Impact of REBCO: Composition & Significance

Introduction: “Embark on a journey to unravel the profound impact of Russian Export Blend Crude Oil (REBCO) on the global energy markets through this comprehensive exploration. As we peel back the layers, we will unveil the distinctive composition, global significance, and the influencing factors that define its pivotal role in the intricate world of energy resources. Join us as we delve into the multifaceted nature of this commodity, gaining insights into why it stands as a cornerstone in shaping the dynamics of the global energy landscape.”

1. The Distinctive Composition of REBCO:

“Begin by navigating the intricate blend of REBCO, meticulously sourced from various Russian oil fields. Explore its unique components to gain insight into why REBCO is a sought-after commodity in the global crude oil market.”

Refer to the picture below

2. Global Significance and Market Trends:

“Examine REBCO’s global significance in international oil markets, delving beyond its economic impact. Illuminate its far-reaching influence on market trends, providing a comprehensive understanding of REBCO’s impact on the energy market.”

3. Pricing Dynamics and Influencing Factors:

“Transition to the intricacies of REBCO’s pricing dynamics. Analyze the factors shaping its value, considering global market forces, geopolitical events, and various variables to gain valuable insights into challenges and opportunities associated with this key energy commodity.”

4. REBCO in International Oil Trade:

“Uncover the intricacies of REBCO’s position in international oil trading markets. Highlight its significance as a valuable commodity, exploring trading practices, market trends, and broader economic implications associated with REBCO transactions for a comprehensive view.”

5. Russia’s Energy Export Leadership:

“Zoom in on Russia’s role as a major energy exporter, exploring how this commodity contributes to the country’s economic prowess. Delve into its influence on global energy trade dynamics, solidifying Russia’s leadership position in the international energy arena.”

6. Environmental Considerations and Sustainability:

“Address the growing importance of environmental considerations in the energy sector. Discuss how REBCO and Russia’s oil industry respond to the demand for sustainable practices, exploring initiatives aligned with global environmental goals and gaining insights into the industry’s commitment to responsible practices.”

Conclusion:

“In conclusion, this comprehensive exploration underscores REBCO’s multifaceted nature and paramount importance in the intricate world of energy resources. Navigating its unique composition, global significance, and dynamic market presence provides a profound appreciation for the role REBCO plays in shaping the global energy landscape.”

For more detailed information , you can also visit the Wikipedia page.欲了解更多详细信息，您还可以访问维基百科页面。

DIESEL FUEL EN590

EN590 was introduced to coincide with the development of new emissions standards across the European Union. The overall goal has been to reduce the sulphur content of diesel fuel. Sulphur had been used as a lubricant in the fuel. Its role is taken by special additives in ULSD.

Since 2007, diesel that conforms to EN590 has been referred to as Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD) in the European Union. The phrase “Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel” is governed by different standards in other parts of the world.

EN590 describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union, Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.

The EN 590 had been introduced along with the European emission standards. With each of its revisions the EN 590 had been adapted to lower the sulphur content of diesel fuel – since 2007 this is called ultra low sulphur diesel as the former function of sulphur as a lubricant is absent (and needs to be replaced by additives).

The quality of European diesel fuels is specified by the EN 590 standard. While these specifications not are mandatory, they are observed by all fuel suppliers in Europe.

Automobile diesel en 590 is intended for application in diesel engines. Diesel motor fuel quality meets the requirements of European Standard EN 590. For operation in the conditions of a temperate climate following marks of fuel diesel automobile EN 590 are offered: Grade C – limiting filterability temperature -5 ° C; Grade D – limiting filterability temperature -10 ° C; Grade E – limiting filterability temperature – 15 ° C; Grade F – limiting filterability temperature -20 ° C. The entire volume of produced diesel fuel quality meets the requirements for fuels for vehicles of Euro 4 and Euro 5. Low sulfur content in diesel EN 590 reduces emissions of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, which is especially important for for inhabitants of big cities.

JET FUEL A1

Russian origin

JET A-1 is an aviation fuel formerly known as “kerosene” which is suitable for most jet aircraft.

It meets stringent international requirements, particularly those of the latest versions of the AFQRJOS, the British DEF STAN 91-91 standard, the ASTM D1655 standard, and the NATO F-35 specification.

It has a minimum flashpoint of 38°C and a maximum freezing point of -47°C.

JET A-1 is the principal fuel used for jet turbine engines. It is also used in general aviation for compatible diesel engine planes.

Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colourless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance.

Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons. The range of their sizes (molecular weights or carbon numbers) is restricted by the requirements for the product, for example, the freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1) has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 (carbon atoms per molecule); wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B), between about 5 and 15.

RUSSIAN BITUMEN OF ALL SPECIFICATIONS

Bitumen is a thermoplastic material and its stiffness is dependent on temperature. The temperature-vs-stiffness relationship of bitumen is dependent on the source of crude oil and the method of refining.

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) introduced paving grade bitumen specifications (IS: 73-1950) for the first time in the year 1950 and classified it on penetration. The specifications were revised in the years 1962 and 1992. To improve the quality of Bitumen, BIS revised IS-73-1992 specifications based on Viscosity (Viscosity at 60oC) in July 2006. As per these specifications, there are four grades VG-10, VG-20, VG-30 & VG-40. A few qualification tests like specific gravity, water content, ductility, loss on heating & Farass breaking point were removed from IS: 73-1992 specifications as these tests do not have any relationship either with the quality or performance of the product.

IndianOil commenced marketing of Bitumen as per Viscosity Grade specifications conforming to IS: 73-1992 from all its refineries from Aug 2009. Therefore, the Penetration grades have been replaced by Viscosity grade Bitumen.

According to viscosity (degree of fluidity) grading, higher the grade, stiffer the Bitumen. Tests are conducted at 60o C and 135o C, which represent the temperature of road surface during summer (hot climate, similar to northern parts of India) and mixing temperature respectively. The penetration at 25o C, which is annual average pavement temperature, is also retained.

Different Grades of Bitumen:
VG-10 BITUMEN: VG-10 is widely used in spraying applications such as surface-dressing and paving in very cold climate in lieu of old 80/100 Penetration grade. It is also used to manufacture Bitumen Emulsion and Modified Bitumen products

VG-20 BITUMEN: VG-20 is used for paving in cold climate & high altitude regions

VG-30 BITUMEN: VG-30 is primarily used to construct extra heavy duty Bitumen pavements that need to endure substantial traffic loads. It can be used in lieu of 60/70 Penetration grade.

VG-40 BITUMEN: VG-40 is used in highly stressed areas such as intersections, near toll booths and truck parking lots in lieu of old 30/40 Penetration grade. Due to its higher viscosity, stiffer Bitumen mixes can be produced to improve resistance to shoving and other problems associated with higher temperature and heavy traffic loads.

D2 GAS OIL GOST 305-82

Russian Gas Oil Gost 305-82
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
GAS OIL D-2 GOST 305-82
COMPONENT	UNIT	RESULT
COMPONENT	UNIT	MIN	MAX
DENSITY @ 15 ºC	3 Kg/M		0.870
COLOR			2.0
FLASH POINT PMCC	ºC	57	62
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY @ 20 ºC	CST	3.0	6.0
POUR POINT	ºC	(*)	-10.0
CLOUD POINT	ºC	(*)	5.0
MERCAPTAN SULPHUR			0.01
TOTAL ACID NUMBER			5
IODINE NUMBER	g/100g		6
ASH	% WT		1A
TOTAL SULPHUR	% WT	0.02	0.05
COPPER CORROSION	3HRS@ 50 ºC	(TYPICAL)	1.0
CARBON RESIDUES	% WT		0.2
CETANE INDEX		45
WATER AND SEDIMENT			0.05
DISTILLATION RANGE:
50% RECOVERED VOLUME	ºC		280
90% RECOVERED VOLUME	ºC		360
BACTERIA MBC	FIBRE/IT		500
BACTERIA CFU	FIBRE/IT		1000

Aviation Kerosene Colonial Grade 54 Jet Fuel JP 54

RUSSIAN ORIGIN

Aviation Kerosene Colonial Grade 54 Jet Fuel JP 54: Jet fuel A-1.Jet fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 are produced to a standardized international specification. Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons. The range of their sizes is restricted by the requirements for the product, for example, the freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 carbon numbers (carbon atoms per molecule); wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B), between about 5 and 15 carbon number. Jet A-1 is the standard specification fuel used in the rest of the world. Jet A-1 has a flash point higher than 38 °C (100 °F), with an autoignition temperature of 210 °C (410 °F).

Russian JP54 is an abbreviation for “Jet Propulsion, A1, Colonial Grade 54″. During the refining process only 15% of the crude oil is made up of JP54 the rest of the grade is used for different types of plastic. Developed by JP Morgan, Colonial grade JP54 was replaced by AVGAS also known as AVGAS100LL.

Actually most jet fuel exported from Russia is “JP54” or “Colonial JP54”. It is similar to “Jet A” except the the Specific Energy is 18.4 mj/kg compared to that of 42.8 mj/kg of “Jet A”.