Month: December 2023

DIESEL FUEL EN590

EN590 was introduced to coincide with the development of new emissions standards across the European Union. The overall goal has been to reduce the sulphur content of diesel fuel. Sulphur had been used as a lubricant in the fuel. Its role is taken by special additives in ULSD.

Since 2007, diesel that conforms to EN590 has been referred to as Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD) in the European Union. The phrase “Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel” is governed by different standards in other parts of the world.

EN590 describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union, Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.

The EN 590 had been introduced along with the European emission standards. With each of its revisions the EN 590 had been adapted to lower the sulphur content of diesel fuel – since 2007 this is called ultra low sulphur diesel as the former function of sulphur as a lubricant is absent (and needs to be replaced by additives).

The quality of European diesel fuels is specified by the EN 590 standard. While these specifications not are mandatory, they are observed by all fuel suppliers in Europe.

Automobile diesel en 590 is intended for application in diesel engines. Diesel motor fuel quality meets the requirements of European Standard EN 590. For operation in the conditions of a temperate climate following marks of fuel diesel automobile EN 590 are offered: Grade C – limiting filterability temperature -5 ° C; Grade D – limiting filterability temperature -10 ° C; Grade E – limiting filterability temperature – 15 ° C; Grade F – limiting filterability temperature -20 ° C. The entire volume of produced diesel fuel quality meets the requirements for fuels for vehicles of Euro 4 and Euro 5. Low sulfur content in diesel EN 590 reduces emissions of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, which is especially important for for inhabitants of big cities.

JET FUEL A1

Russian origin

JET A-1 is an aviation fuel formerly known as “kerosene” which is suitable for most jet aircraft.

It meets stringent international requirements, particularly those of the latest versions of the AFQRJOS, the British DEF STAN 91-91 standard, the ASTM D1655 standard, and the NATO F-35 specification.

It has a minimum flashpoint of 38°C and a maximum freezing point of -47°C.

JET A-1 is the principal fuel used for jet turbine engines. It is also used in general aviation for compatible diesel engine planes.

Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colourless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance.

Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons. The range of their sizes (molecular weights or carbon numbers) is restricted by the requirements for the product, for example, the freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1) has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 (carbon atoms per molecule); wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B), between about 5 and 15.

RUSSIAN BITUMEN OF ALL SPECIFICATIONS

Bitumen is a thermoplastic material and its stiffness is dependent on temperature. The temperature-vs-stiffness relationship of bitumen is dependent on the source of crude oil and the method of refining.

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) introduced paving grade bitumen specifications (IS: 73-1950) for the first time in the year 1950 and classified it on penetration. The specifications were revised in the years 1962 and 1992. To improve the quality of Bitumen, BIS revised IS-73-1992 specifications based on Viscosity (Viscosity at 60oC) in July 2006. As per these specifications, there are four grades VG-10, VG-20, VG-30 & VG-40. A few qualification tests like specific gravity, water content, ductility, loss on heating & Farass breaking point were removed from IS: 73-1992 specifications as these tests do not have any relationship either with the quality or performance of the product.

IndianOil commenced marketing of Bitumen as per Viscosity Grade specifications conforming to IS: 73-1992 from all its refineries from Aug 2009. Therefore, the Penetration grades have been replaced by Viscosity grade Bitumen.

According to viscosity (degree of fluidity) grading, higher the grade, stiffer the Bitumen. Tests are conducted at 60o C and 135o C, which represent the temperature of road surface during summer (hot climate, similar to northern parts of India) and mixing temperature respectively. The penetration at 25o C, which is annual average pavement temperature, is also retained.

Different Grades of Bitumen:
VG-10 BITUMEN: VG-10 is widely used in spraying applications such as surface-dressing and paving in very cold climate in lieu of old 80/100 Penetration grade. It is also used to manufacture Bitumen Emulsion and Modified Bitumen products

VG-20 BITUMEN: VG-20 is used for paving in cold climate & high altitude regions

VG-30 BITUMEN: VG-30 is primarily used to construct extra heavy duty Bitumen pavements that need to endure substantial traffic loads. It can be used in lieu of 60/70 Penetration grade.

VG-40 BITUMEN: VG-40 is used in highly stressed areas such as intersections, near toll booths and truck parking lots in lieu of old 30/40 Penetration grade. Due to its higher viscosity, stiffer Bitumen mixes can be produced to improve resistance to shoving and other problems associated with higher temperature and heavy traffic loads.

D2 GAS OIL GOST 305-82

Russian Gas Oil  Gost 305-82
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
GAS OIL D-2  GOST 305-82
COMPONENTUNITRESULT
MINMAX
DENSITY @ 15 ºC                  3
Kg/M		0.870
COLOR2.0
FLASH POINT PMCCºC5762
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY @ 20
ºC		CST3.06.0
POUR POINTºC(*)-10.0
CLOUD POINTºC(*)5.0
MERCAPTAN SULPHUR0.01
TOTAL ACID NUMBER5
IODINE NUMBERg/100g6
ASH% WT1A
TOTAL SULPHUR% WT0.020.05
COPPER CORROSION3HRS@ 50 ºC(TYPICAL)1.0
CARBON RESIDUES% WT0.2
CETANE INDEX45
WATER AND SEDIMENT0.05
DISTILLATION RANGE:
50% RECOVERED VOLUMEºC280
90% RECOVERED VOLUMEºC360
BACTERIA MBCFIBRE/IT500
BACTERIA CFUFIBRE/IT1000

MAZUT M100 GOST 10585-99

RUSSIAN ORIGIN

Mazut is a heavy, low quality fuel oil, used in generating plants and similar applications. In the United States and Western Europe, mazut is blended or broken down, with the end product being diesel. Mazut-100 is a fuel oil that is manufactured to GOST specifications, for example GOST 10585-99. Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. The most important thing when grading this fuel is the sulphur content.

Mazut 100-75 VLS and Mazut 100-99 Grade I are actually the same thing. GOST merged the old classifications of 75 and 99 into a new seven grade classification, all under 100-99. For whatever reason, many people still use the old 75 classification; particularly the Chinese.

The grades are represented by these sulphuric levels:

”Very Low Sulphur” is mazut with a sulphur content of 0.5%
”Low Sulphur” is a mazut with a sulphur content of 0.5-1.0%
”Normal Sulphur” is a mazut with a sulphur content of 1.0-2.0%
”High Sulphur” is a mazut with a sulphur content of 2.0-3.5%.